Abstract: Theoretical and practical difficulties occur when defining the units of selection in modular organisms that grow by iteration of repeated parts (modules). Modules may become physically ...

New research suggests that when brains are organized into modules they are better at learning new information without forgetting old knowledge. The findings not only shed light on the evolution of ...

Metabolic rates vary among individuals according to food availability and phenotype, most notably body size. Disentangling size from other factors (e.g., age, reproductive status) can be difficult in ...

It is widely accepted that the evolution of any particular organism or form is a product of the interplay of a great number of historical contingencies 1. Rewind and replay the tape of life again and ...

Analysis of receptor-ligand interactions in vivo is key to biology but poses a considerable challenge to quantitative microscopy. Here we combine static-volume, two-focus and dual-color scanning ...

image: New research suggests that when brains are organized into modules they are better at learning new information without forgetting old knowledge. The findings -- published this week in PLOS ...