Zajfman and colleagues injected around 10 000 argon ions into an ‘electrostatic trap’ – a tube 40 cm long with ring-shaped electrodes around both ends. These electrodes act as ‘mirrors’, and their ...

Do you ever wonder why it feels so good to be outdoors, in the woods, on the water and especially around waterfalls? Negative ions might be the answer. Negative air ions are actually positive ...

THE emission of secondary electrons from metals by positive ions has been studied by a number of workers 1, and it has been established that the efficiency of this process depends upon the work ...

Utilizing Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for in-line metrology is a newly emerging method of process control that requires contamination-free measurements, enabling SIMS on product wafers.

Ion exchange separates components in a sample depending on their relative ionic strengths and interaction with the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a charged substance that selectively ...