In biopharmaceutical manufacturing the interactions between cells, nutrients, and reagents in culture determine product quality. The big challenge for process developers is modeling these complex ...

In engineering design, the traditional “deterministic” modelling approach assumes fixed values for loads, material properties, geometry, etc. But in real life, every part is slightly different, no two ...

Most people have decades of experience looking at graphs. We see them in television reports, books, magazines, presentations at work, and on the stock market apps on our phones. On the surface, ...