Data through March 2026 are used for computing the means. last modified 2026/04/09, now with GHCN v4 and ERSST v5.) Comparison of temperature of a few years in recent ...

1978. The Digital Equipment Corporation VT100 was the first ANSI X3.64 compliant terminal and featured lots of innovations including control by an Intel 8085 microprocessor (rather than custom ...

Identification: Ailanthus altissima is the only species introduced into North America of the Quassia family, which includes five native trees and two native shrubs. It is a large deciduous tree that ...

Identification: A bright green algae with feathery branches that vary in length from 5-65 cm. in tropical waters, while the hybrid form grows much larger with plants up to 10 feet. Original ...

The IBM 2260 Display Station, 1964; Photo: IBM 1964. This is one of the very first video display terminals. 2260s were installed at Columbia in the 2nd-floor Computer Center public-access terminal ...

Page last updated July 23 2020 (added Fermín Travi's adaptation of Alan Lee's Python scripts for response-specific meta-d' analysis) The original version of this webpage is archived here. MATLAB files ...

Jagdish Bhagwati is University Professor (Economics, Law, and International Affairs) at Columbia University and Director of the Raj Center on Indian Economic Policies. He was Senior Fellow for ...

Columbia University Rugby Football Club is a competitive, intercollegiate rugby club open to all students of the university. During the fall we play in the recently formed Ivy League Championship ...

Developed in the mid-1950s as part of IBM's Modular Accounting Calculator (MAC) program, the IBM 608 is a transistorized version of the 604 that "combines the newest advances in electronics to perform ...

IBM 3270 terminal about 1980; click to enlarge. Photo: University of Heidelberg. The original IBM 3270 terminal, mid 1970s. Although it bears a superficial resemblence to regular ASCII "start/stop" ...

Columbia's Herman Hollerith pioneered punch card computation beginning in the late 1880s, when he chose punched cards as the medium for encoding and storing demographic data for the 1890 US Census, ...

Herman Hollerith's Type 001 Mechanical Card Punch, patented in 1901, was the first key punch; that is, the first card punch operated from a keyboard, so that the operator could punch digits 0-9, ...