English look at AI and the way its text generation works. Covering word generation and tokenization through probability scores, to help ...

Discover how Markov chains predict real systems, from Ulam and von Neumann’s Monte Carlo to PageRank, so you can grasp ...

The Sleeping Beauty paradox is a thought experiment that challenges how probability should be understood when memory and ...

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to show how the structural similarity metric SSIM for image quality assessment can be seen in many cases, such as DCT-based compressed images and video, as a content ...

What’s the perfect number of cards for playing poker? According to a new mathematical discovery, the answer is the ...

Mathematicians rely on numbers, but finding words to explain different levels of certainty has stymied everyone from the ...

Humans respond to environments that change at many different speeds. A video game player, for example, reacts to on-screen ...

Triple polar vortex sends temperatures plunging in central and eastern U.S. as 1st Arctic cold blast moves in Mortgage and refinance interest rates today, January 2, 2026: Last year, rates fell from 7 ...

Today we're out on Lake Ontario, it's late April, and the water temp is 42F. We're trolling with lead core line fishing for salmon. We're opting for simple low-tech fishing today: line, and an ...

Abstract: Silicon-based, single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) can realize extremely weak light detection and are widely used in marine LiDAR, space exploration, fluorescence imaging, and other ...

Steve Kornacki hits the big board to evaluate the race to get the No. 1 seed in the AFC, diving into the numbers and probabilities for the Denver Broncos, New England Patriots and Jacksonville Jaguars ...