Axially-functionally graded materials are/ types of traditional composite materials in which the mechanical and physical properties are gradually varied from one end to the other. They were used ...

Abstract The evaluation of the deflection in beams is an indispensable step of the structural design. Currently, many standard codes adopt the Branson’s model. However, the Branson’s model ...

Abstract: In railway freight transport of over-size cargos, elastic deflection of overloaded structures is the main cause of train-line collision in running. Deflection monitoring remains a challenge ...

Abstract: In railway freight transport, the vertical deflection of the load-carrying beam on well-hole car accounts for most clearance intrusions at the bottom when running on curves. This paper ...

Creative Commons (CC): This is a Creative Commons license. Attribution (BY): Credit must be given to the creator. We demonstrate angle-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) interferometry from ...

The construction of concrete-filled steel tube tied-arch bridges typically employs the “beam first and arch later” methodology. In this approach, tie beams are initially constructed on temporary ...

Beam deflection is an essential consideration in engineering and construction projects. It refers to the amount a beam deforms or bends under the influence of external forces. Accurate calculation of ...

Deflection refers to the degree that a structural element is displaced under a load. It is an essential aspect of engineering and construction, allowing designers to ensure that structures can safely ...